Lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog ib qho cuab yeej uas hloov lub hnub ci hluav taws xob ncaj qha los yog tsis ncaj qha mus rau hauv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob los yog cov nyhuv photochemical los ntawm kev nqus hnub ci. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag feem ntau yog "silicon", tab sis vim yog cov nqi ntau lawm, nws txoj kev siv dav dav tseem muaj qee yam kev txwv.

Piv nrog rau cov roj teeb zoo tib yam thiab cov roj teeb uas siv tau, cov hnub ci hnub ci muaj ntau lub zog txuag thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom ntsuab.

Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv crystalline silicon (xws li polycrystalline silicon thiab monocrystalline silicon) yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws photovoltaic, nrog rau kev lag luam feem ntau tshaj 90%, thiab yuav nyob twj ywm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub hnub ci rau lub sij hawm ntev yav tom ntej. Tau ntev, cov khoom siv tshuab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polysilicon tau nyob rau hauv tes ntawm 10 factories ntawm 7 tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv 3 lub teb chaws, xws li lub tebchaws United States, Nyiv thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees, tsim ib tug teeb meem ntawm technology blockade thiab kev ua lag luam monopoly.Thov kom polysilicon los. Feem ntau yog los ntawm semiconductors thiab hnub ci hlwb.Raws li cov kev cai purity sib txawv, muab faib ua hluav taws xob thiab hnub ci zog theem. Nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm photovoltaic kev lag luam, qhov kev thov rau hnub ci polysilicon rau lub hnub ci hlwb yog loj hlob sai dua li ntawm semiconductor polysilicon, thiab nws yuav tsum tau. tias qhov kev thov rau hnub ci polysilicon yuav ntau dua li ntawm cov hluav taws xob polysilicon los ntawm 2008.Lub ntiaj teb tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm lub hnub ci hlwb tau nce los ntawm 69MW xyoo 1994 mus txog ze li ntawm 1200MW xyoo 2004, nce 17-fold hauv tsuas yog 10 xyoo.

Crystal silicon panels: polycrystalline silicon solar cells, monocrystalline silicon solar cells.

Amorphous silicon panels: nyias zaj duab xis solar cells, organic solar cells.

Chemical dye panels: dye-sensitized solar cells.

Saj zawg zog solar cell

Monocrystalline silicon

Monocrystalline silicon solar cells muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm ib puag ncig 18%, mus txog 24%, uas yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm txhua hom hnub ci cell, tab sis nws kim heev los ua kom siv dav.Vim monocrystalline silicon feem ntau kaw nrog cov iav toughened thiab waterproof resin, nws yog rugged thiab ruaj, nrog rau kev pab cuam lub neej txog li 25 xyoo.

polysilicon

Kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm polycrystalline silicon hnub ci hlwb zoo ib yam li cov monocrystalline silicon hnub ci hlwb, tab sis lub photoelectric conversion efficiency ntawm polycrystalline silicon solar cells yog qis dua, thiab photoelectric conversion efficiency yog li ntawm 16%. pheej yig dua li monocrystalline silicon hnub ci hlwb, thiab cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim rau kev tsim, txuag hluav taws xob siv, thiab tag nrho cov nqi tsim khoom yog qis dua, yog li nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau tus lej. Tsis tas li ntawd, polycrystalline silicon solar cells muaj lub neej luv dua li monocrystalline. silicon solar cells.Monocrystalline silicon solar cells yog me ntsis zoo dua ntawm tus nqi thiab kev ua haujlwm.

Amorphous silicon

Amorphous silicon hnub ci cell yog ib hom tshiab ntawm nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci cell uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1976. Nws yog kiag li txawv los ntawm ntau lawm txoj kev ntawm monocrystalline silicon thiab polycrystalline silicon solar cells. Cov txheej txheem yog yooj yim heev, cov khoom siv silicon noj tsawg dua, thiab lub zog siv qis dua.Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm amorphous silicon solar cells yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm photoelectric tsawg. Cov qib siab thoob ntiaj teb yog kwv yees li 10%, thiab nws tsis ruaj khov. Nrog rau ncua sij hawm, lub conversion efficiency txo.